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金屬嵌件注塑 vs. 純塑成型:散熱器風(fēng)扇制造路線優(yōu)劣深度對比

來源: | 責(zé)任編輯:東莞世邦塑膠 | 發(fā)布日期:2025-07-18
金屬嵌件注塑 vs. 純塑成型:散熱器風(fēng)扇制造路線優(yōu)劣深度對比

一、引言

散熱器風(fēng)扇的制造工藝直接影響產(chǎn)品性能、成本與可靠性。金屬嵌件注塑與純塑成型作為主流技術(shù)路線,各有技術(shù)特點與適用場景。本文從多維度對比兩者優(yōu)劣,為注塑模具廠工藝選型提供參考

、核心工藝對比:技術(shù)原理與制造挑戰(zhàn)

1.金屬嵌件注塑

工藝本質(zhì)將金屬嵌件(如鋁合金加強環(huán) )預(yù)置于模具內(nèi),通過注塑使塑料包覆嵌件形成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。嵌件需經(jīng)滾花、切槽等特殊設(shè)計以增強結(jié)合力。

優(yōu)勢

力學(xué)性能提升金屬骨架顯著增強扇葉剛性,耐受轉(zhuǎn)速可達5000 RPM以上,適用于游戲筆記本等高負荷場景

熱管理優(yōu)化金屬嵌件導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)高(鋁合金≈ 200 W/m·K) ,加速熱量從電機向扇葉傳遞,降低系統(tǒng)溫度

集成化生產(chǎn)一次性成型減少裝配步驟,避免螺絲松動風(fēng)險。

挑戰(zhàn):

熱膨脹系數(shù)差異:金屬與塑料(PA66) 收縮率不匹配易引發(fā)內(nèi)應(yīng)力,導(dǎo)致變形或開裂,需預(yù)熱嵌件或優(yōu)化包埋厚度。

模具復(fù)雜度:嵌件定位機構(gòu)占用空間,澆注系統(tǒng)避讓設(shè)計難度大,模具成本提高30%-50%

2.純塑成型

工藝本質(zhì):單一塑料(PP PBT) 直接注塑成型,依托模具結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn)葉片曲面精度。

優(yōu)勢:

輕量化與成本:密度僅0.9-1.2 g/cm3,減重40% 以上;模具簡單,周期短 (30-120 / ),適合大批量生產(chǎn)。

氣動設(shè)計靈活性:可通過“多翼型分段注塑”技術(shù)優(yōu)化葉片曲率,風(fēng)量提升15%,噪音降至 32 dB

挑戰(zhàn):

高溫性能局限:長期使用溫度120℃,高溫下易蠕變;紫外線照射易脆化。

強度瓶頸:高轉(zhuǎn)速工況易顫振,限制其在服務(wù)器風(fēng)扇等高端場景應(yīng)用。

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三、關(guān)鍵性能指標(biāo)實測對比

指標(biāo)

金屬嵌件注塑

純塑成型

熱變形溫度

160( 金屬嵌件支撐)

80-120(受塑料基體限制 )

密度

1.8-2.5 g/cm(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

0.9-1.2 g/cm3

導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)

15-35 W/m·K(金屬傳導(dǎo)路徑 )

0.2-0.5 W/m·K(純塑料 )

生產(chǎn)周期

90-180/ (含嵌件預(yù)置 )

30-120/ (高效連續(xù)生產(chǎn) )

模具成本

(增加嵌件定位/ 防漏結(jié)構(gòu))

(結(jié)構(gòu)簡化,成本降40-60%)

、成本與可靠性:全生命周期分析

初期投入:

純塑模具成本優(yōu)勢顯著,尤其對年產(chǎn)量50萬件的消費級風(fēng)扇,選用預(yù)硬鋼 718H 模具即可滿足需求;而嵌件注塑需升級至淬火鋼 S136并定制嵌件定位系統(tǒng),成本增加60%

長期維護:

金屬嵌件風(fēng)扇耐磨損壽命達10萬小時,但內(nèi)應(yīng)力引發(fā)的微裂紋需定期檢測; 純塑風(fēng)扇在粉塵環(huán)境下易磨損葉片尖端,但更換成本低廉。

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五、應(yīng)用場景適配性決策指南

場景

推薦工藝

理由

消費電子產(chǎn)品

純塑成型

成本敏感,輕量化優(yōu)先級高,中低轉(zhuǎn)速需求(3000 RPM)

服務(wù)器/數(shù)據(jù)中心散

金屬嵌件注塑

高轉(zhuǎn)速(5000 RPM) 、耐高溫( 芯片周邊>80 )、長壽命要求

戶外工業(yè)設(shè)備

金屬嵌件注塑

抗腐蝕(嵌件表面陽極氧化) 、耐溫差沖擊(-40 °℃至120C)

便攜式小型風(fēng)扇

純塑成型(薄壁設(shè)

)

模具集成氣動優(yōu)化槽,實現(xiàn)低噪音+低能耗

、技術(shù)演進:融合創(chuàng)新路徑

1.材料創(chuàng)新:

PPS+30%玻纖增強塑料配合銅合金嵌件,熱膨脹系數(shù)差值縮小50%,應(yīng)力破裂風(fēng)險大幅降低。

2.模具革命:

嵌件自動植入系統(tǒng):機械手精準(zhǔn)定位嵌件,周期時間壓縮至純塑成型的1.2倍。

隨形冷卻水道:3D打印模具實現(xiàn)嵌件區(qū)域快速控溫,減少熱應(yīng)力變形。

3.仿真驅(qū)動設(shè)計:

CFD(計算流體動力學(xué))預(yù)模擬氣流路徑,結(jié)合拓撲優(yōu)化確定嵌件最小必要結(jié)構(gòu),實現(xiàn)“金屬用量 - 剛性”最優(yōu)解。

、結(jié)語:選擇即平衡

在散熱器風(fēng)扇制造中,金屬嵌件注塑與純塑成型并非替代關(guān)系,而是互補技術(shù)。高端場景追求極致散熱與可靠性時,金屬嵌件注塑以復(fù)雜工藝換取性能躍升消費級市場則需借力純塑成型的效率與成本優(yōu)勢。未來,隨著材料界面改性技術(shù)和智能化模具的發(fā)展,兩種工藝的邊界或?qū)⑦M一步融合 - “金屬為骨,塑料為翼”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),仍是尖端散熱器風(fēng)扇的終極答案。

東莞市世邦塑膠制品有限公司,20多年中高端品牌精密注塑件定制服務(wù)商,提供從產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、精密模具制造、注塑成型與組裝、售后服務(wù)為一體整套解決方案。如需散熱器風(fēng)扇開模注塑,歡迎蒞臨。

【本文標(biāo)簽】 散熱器風(fēng)扇注塑

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